| GENERAL PURPOSE ELECTRONICS LAB TRAINERS |
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S.No |
Description |
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PHY-401 |
Digital and Analog Trainer Board
2 No.s of Bread boards
2Hz to 200KHz Function generator
Variable clock generator
Fixed DC sources of 5V, +/- 15V@0.5A
Variable DC sources of +/-15V@0.5A
AC Voltages 12-6-0-6-12V
10 No.s of logic level input switches
8 No.s of logic level indicators
Logic pulser and logic probe
2 No.s of Seven segment displays and Speaker
Potentiometers 470 Ω , 1K Ω ,4.7K Ω , 10K Ω ,22K Ω ,100K Ω |
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PHY-402 |
Digital System Designer
2 No.s of Bread boards
Fixed DC source 5V @ 0.5A
10 logic level input switches
10 logic level indicators
Clock generator with L/H Variation
Logic probe and logic pulser
4 No.s of Seven segment displays |
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PHY-403 |
Analog and Digital IC Trainer
2 No.s of bread board
Fixed DC sources +5V and +/- 12V @ 0.5A
Variable DC sources 0-15V @ 0.5A
10 logic level input switches
10 logic level indicators
2 No.s of Decoders
+ve and -ve Pulsers
Fixed Clock frequency of 1Hz,10Hz,100Hz,1KHz
One Seven segment display
A unique provision for reset
Auto power off protection when supply is shorted. |
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PHY-404 |
Digital IC Trainer
(General Purpose, with IC bases)
Fixed DC source 5V @ 0.5A.
2 No.s of 14 pin IC bases
2 No.s of 16 pin IC bases
8 logic level input switches
8 logic level indicators
Clock and pulser
One Seven segment display |
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PHY-405 |
Digital Lab Trainer
2 No.s of bread boards
Fixed DC sources +5V and +/- 15V @ 0.5A
10 logic level input switches
10 logic level indicators
One 7segment display and One 7segment with decoder
Fixed clocks of 1Hz, 10Hz, 100Hz, 1KHz
+ve and -ve Pulsers |
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PHY-411 |
Semi conductor Devices trainer Kit.
One bread board
Variable Dual DC sources 0-15V @ 0.5A
AC voltages 12-0-12V
Digital meter DC 0-20V
Digital meter DC 200 m A/200mA |
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PHY-413FC |
Electronics Lab Trainer
One bread board
Variable Dual DC sources 0-15V @ 0.75A
2Hz-200 KHz Function Generator with
k digital readout (6 digit)
Frequency counter 1 MHz (6 digit)
AC milli Voltmeter 200mV/20V |
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PHY-414 |
Analog Circuits Trainer
One Bread board
Fixed DC sources +/-12V @ 0.5A
Variable Dual DC sources 0-15V @ 1A
AC Voltages 0, 3, 6, 12, 24V
AC Voltmeter 200mV/20V
DC Voltmeter 2V/20V
DC Ammeter 200 µ A/200mA
Potentiometers Ω , 10K Ω
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PHY-416 |
Pulse and Wave Shaping Trainer
One Bread Board
Variable Dual DC Source 0-15V @ 0.75A
2Hz-200KHz Signal Generator with digital readout (6 digit)
Pulse width variation
Frequency counter 1 MHz (6 digit)
DC Voltmeter 20V |
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PHY-450 |
Digital Logic Trainer
One bread board
Fixed DC source 5V @ 0.5A
8 logic level input switches
Fixed DC source ±15V@0.5A
8 logic level indicators
Logic pulser and clock generator with L/H variation.
One Seven segment display with decoder.
Potentiometers 10KΩ , 47K Ω |
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PHY-421 |
Electronic Circuit Designer
Two No.s of bread boards
Fixed DC sources +5V, -5V, +15V and -15V
Variable DC source 0-30V/1A with short circuit protection
AC voltages 12-0-12V
10 logic level input switches
10 logic level indicators
2 No.s of Seven segment displays with decoders
+ve and -ve pulsers
A unique provision for reset
Auto Power off protection when supply is shorted
Function generator with Sine, Square, Traingle,
k Pulse and Ramp outputs
Frequency with digital readout (4 digit)
1MHz frequency with 6 range selectable switches
Amplitude 2mV - 20Vp-p
Pulse width and fine frequency variation
DC offset, TTL output, AM output and Attn 20dB
provisions given.
Digital DC meter 0-200 µ A, 0-200mA, 0-20V, 0-200V.
Digital AC meters 0-200mA, 0-20V, 0-200V.
Potentiometers 220 Ω , 1K Ω- 2 No., 10K Ω -2 No.s and 1M Ω
One Speaker 8 Ω /0.5W provided
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| Semi Conductor Devices Characteristics Trainers |
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Description |
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Junction Diode characteristics with two meters - PHY 123 |
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Objectives: To draw the V-I characteristics for PN junction diodes in forward and reverse bias conditions. Specs :
Variable DC regulated power supply of
0-15V @ 250mA.
On board Silicon and germanium diodes.
Dual range DC Voltmeter of /15V.
Dual range DC ammeter of 250µ A/25mA
Different values of three resistors on board.
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Junction Diode Characteristics without meters - PHY 01 |
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Objectives:To draw the V-I characteristics for PN junction diodes in forward and reverse bias conditions. Specs :
variable DC regulated power supply of /15V @ 250mA
On board Silicon and Germanium diodes. |
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Zener diode characteristics with two meters - PHY 124 |
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Objectives:To draw the V-I characteristics of zener diodes in forward and reverse bias conditions.
Specs :
Variable DC regulated power supply of 0-15V @ 250mA
Different values of three Zener diodes on board.
Different values of three Resistors on board.
Dual range DC voltmeter of /15V
Dual range DC ammeter of 250 µ A/25mA |
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Zener Diode Characteristics without meters - Phy 02 |
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Objectives: To draw the V-I characteristics of Zener diodes in forward and reverse bias conditions.
Specs :
Variable DC regulated power supply of /15V @ 250mA.
Different Values of two Zener Diodes on board. |
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B J T CHARACTERISTICS with meters - Phy 125 |
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Objectives: To draw the input and output characteristics of NPN and PNP transistors.
specs :
Two variable DC regulated power Supplies of 0-15V @ 250mA.
One npn and one pnp transistor on board
Dual range DC voltmeter of /15V
DC milli ammeter of 0-10mA.
DC micro ammeter of 0-150 µ A |
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B J T CHARACTERISTICS WITHOUT METERS - PHY 03 |
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Objectives: To draw the input and output characteristics of NPN and PNP transistors.
Specs :
Two variable DC regulated power supplies of 0-12V @ 250mA.
One NPN and One PNP transistor on board. |
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TRANSISTOR, JUNCTION AND ZENER DIODE CHARACTERISTICS WITH THREE METER - PHY3A |
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Objectives: To observe the V-I Characteristics for PN junction diode and Zener diodes and also to observe the input and output characteristics for given NPN and PNP transistors.
Specs :
Two variable DC regulated power supplies of 0-15V @ 250mA.
Different values of resistors, Zener diodes and three types of PN junction diodes.
Dual range DC Voltmeter of /15V
Dual range DC ammeter of 2.5mA/250mA.
DC Micro ammeter of 150µA. |
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F E T CHARACTERISTICS WITH TWO METERS - PHY 126 |
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Objectives: To draw the drain and transfer characteristics of Field Effect Transistor.
Specs :
Two variable DC regulated power supplies of 0-5V, 0-15V @ 250 mA.
Two different values of resistors on board.
Dual range DC voltmeter of / 15V.
DC ammeter of 0-10mA |
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F E T CHARACTERISTICS WITHOUT METERS - PHY 04 |
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Objectives: To draw the drain and transfer characteristics of Field Effect Transistor.
With Two variable DC regulated power supplies of 0-5V, 0-15V @ 250mA. |
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U J T CHARACTERISTICS WITH TWO METERS - PHY 140 |
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Objectives: To draw the V-I characteristics of a given Uni Junction Transistor.
Specs :
Two variable DC regulated power Supplies of 0-12V @ 250mA.
Two values of resistors on board.
DC voltmeter of 0-15V
DC ammeter of 0-10mA. |
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U J T CHARACTERISTICS WITHOUT METERS - PHY 91 |
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Objectives: To draw the V-I characteristics of a given Uni Junction Transistor.
With Two variable DC regulated Power Supplies of 0-12V @ 250mA. |
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MEASUREMENT OF h–PARAMETERS OF A TRANSISTOR – PHY 09 |
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Objectives: To calculate the hybrid parameters of transistor in CE configuration.
Specs :
Two variable DC regulated power supplies of 0-12V @ 250mA.
Two different circuits on boards one to measure hie, hfe and another for hoe, hre. |
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PHOTO DIODE & PHOTO TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS - PHY 70 |
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Objectives: To observe the relative effects of light intensity and voltage of a photo transistor and photo diode. To draw the V-I Characteristics by changing the intensity of light.
Specs :
Two variable DC regulated Power Supplies of 0-12V, 0-6V@250mA
Different values of four resistors on board.
One 10kΩ potentiometer on board.
6V/3W miniature bulb on board.
One photo diode and one photo transistor on board. |
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SOLAR CELL CHARACTERISTICS - PHY 137 |
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Objectives: To observe by focusing light on the solar cell and measure the voltage and also the current through resistance to plot a graph between voltage(Vo) versus current (Io).
Specs :
Built in digital voltmeters and ammeters with 20V and 2000mA ranges
respectively
Different values of resistors and one potentiometer to observe different outputs.
Variable light source provided on board. |
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COMMON BASE TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS - PHY 80 |
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Objectives: To draw the input and output characteristics of PNP transistor.
Specs :
Two variable DC regulated power supplies of 0-12V @ 250mA.
One PNP transistor on board. |
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COMMON COLLECTOR TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS – PHY 81 |
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Objectives: To draw the input and output characteristics of a NPN transistor.
Specs :
Two variable DC regulated power supplies of 0-12V @ 250mA.
One NPN transistor on board. |
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ENERGY GAP OF A SEMICONDUCTOR - PHY 92 |
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Objectives: To determine the energy gap of a semiconductor.
Specs :
Fixed DC regulated power supply of 0-1V/10V @ 250mA.
One micro ammeter on board.
One PN junction diode.
One ten turn potentio meter for voltage variation. |
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THERMISTOR CHARACTERISTICS – PHY 141 |
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Objectives: To draw the resistance temperature and the voltage - current characteristics of a Thermistor using bridge.
Specs :
Variable DC regulated power supply of 0-5V @ 250mA
One Galvanometer on board.
One thermistor on board.
1KW potentiometer with calibrated dial on board for balancing bridge. |
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LIGHT EMITTING DIODE CHARACTERISTICS – PHY 18 |
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Objectives: To demonstrate the operation of a typical visible light emitting diode after drawing a forward current Vs forward voltage characteristics curve of an LED.
To select the current limiting resistance of an LED and to verify that the LED has higher reverse resistance, just like PN junction diode when LED is reverse biased.
With Variable DC regulated power supplies 0-12V @ 250mA. |
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L D R CHARACTERISTICS TRAINER – PHY 160 |
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Objectives: To observe that LDR resistance changes in proportion to light intensity. This causes a corresponding change in the output voltage.
Specs :
Two variable DC regulated power supplies of
0-6V, 0-12V@0.25A
One LDR and One miniature bulb provided on board. |
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S C R CHARACTERISTICS TRAINER - PHY 06 |
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Objectives: To draw the V-I characteristics by taking different readings of anode voltage and current to get the forward break over voltage (VF) and holding current (IH)
Specs :
Built in variable power supplies of 0-30V, 0-12V.
S C R is provided on board. |
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TRIAC CHARACTERISTICS TRAINER - PHY 68 |
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Objectives: To observe the forward and reverse bias V-I characteristics of Triac and plot the graph. To observe the breakover voltages of Triac.
Specs :
Built in variable power supplies of 0-15V, 0-30V.
TRIAC is provided on board. |
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DIAC CHARACTERISTICS TRAINER - PHY 69 |
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Objectives: To observe the forward and reverse bias V-I characteristics of Diac and plot the graph. To observe the break over voltages of Diac.
Spec :
Built in variable power supplies of 0-30V.
DIAC is provided on board. |
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TRIGGERING SCR USING UJT - PHY 73 |
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Objectives: To construct the SCR triggering circuit using UJT.
Specs :
Built in fixed voltage supply AC of 24V.
Zener diode of is provided to limit supply to UJT.
provided |
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Amplifier Circuits Trainers |
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Description |
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Class - B Push Pull Power amPlifier - PHY 11 |
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Objectives: To observe the wave forms at various stages to observe the power amplification by connecting the output of the amplifier to a speaker. And also to calculate the efficiency of power amplifier.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of 12V @ 250mA.
In built speaker as a load resistor. |
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Transistor DC amplifier - PHY 421 |
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Objectives: To observe how the input resistance of an amplifier is affected by the Beta of the transistor and the value of the emitter resistor.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
Three PNP and three NPN transistors provided on board.
Different values of resistors and capacitors provided on board. |
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Common source FET amplifier - PHY 13 |
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Objectives: To observe the frequency response of CS FET amplifier and to determine the gain of amplifier.
With Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
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Tuned RF amplifier - PHY 14 |
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Objectives: To observe the frequency response of a tuned RF amplifier and to calculate the resonant frequency of the circuit.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
Different values of capacitors to vary the resonant frequency.
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CURRENT AND VOLTAGE SHUNT FEED BACK AMPLIFIERS - PHY 61A |
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Objectives: To observe the frequency response of the feed back amplifiers and to calculate gain of the amplifiers.
With Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
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CURRENT AND VOLTAGE SERIES FEED BACK AMPLIFIERs - PHY 61B |
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Objectives: To observe the frequency response of the feed back amplifiers and to calculate gain of the amplifiers.
With Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
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FEED Back Amplifiers - PHY 61 (4 in 1) |
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Objectives: To observe the frequency response of the feed back amplifiers and to calculate gain of the amplifiers.
Specs :
Voltage series, voltage shunt, current series, current shunt is provided in single board.
Provision to study with and without feedback.
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V @ 250mA. |
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Class - A Power Amplifier - PHY 67 |
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Objectives: To observe the frequency response and to calculate the efficiency of power amplifier.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
Inductive coupled power amplifier. |
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Differential Amplifier - PHY 75. |
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Objectives: To observe the differential amplifier for dual input balanced output and unbalanced output in differential mode configuration.
Specs :
Built in two input terminals
Built in two fixed voltage supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
Built in transistor circuit. |
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Class C Power amplifier - PHY 77 |
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Objectives: To observe the frequency response and to calculate the efficiency of power amplifier.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
A LC parallel resonant circuit used as the collector load for transistor. |
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Common base (CB) Amplifier - PHY 158 |
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Objectives: To observe the frequency response and to calculate gain of the amplifier.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
A PNP transistor is used for amplification. |
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Common emitter (CE) Amplifier-PHY 82 |
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Objectives: To observe the frequency response and to calculate gain of the amplifier.
With Built in fixed power supplies of +5V, +12V @ 250mA. |
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Common collector (CC) amplifier - PHY 81 |
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Objectives: Transistor is connected in CE mode for amplifier. Input signal is applied from signal generator and output is obtained from CRO. To Study the frequency response and calculate the bandwidth
With Built in one fixed Voltage supply of + 12V @ 250mA. |
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Transformer coupled Amplifier - PHY 84 |
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Objectives: To observe the frequency response of transformer coupled amplifier and to calculate its efficiency.
With Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA. |
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Darlington EmiTTer follOwer - PHY 85 |
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Objectives: To observe the response of Darlington Pair.
With Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA |
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Two stage R.C Coupled Amplifier - PHY 94 |
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Objectives: To observe the frequency response and to calculate gain of the amplifier.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
Different values of capacitors are provided on board to change the bypass values. |
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Class -B ComplementAry Symmetry Power amplifier - PHY 98 |
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Objectives: To observe cross-over distortion and to calculate efficiency of the amplifier.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +5V, -5V @ 250mA.
One NPN and one PNP transistor is used. |
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Common drain FET amplifier - PHY 145 |
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Objectives: To observe frequency response and to calculate gain of the amplifier.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
FET is provided on board. |
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Logarithmic amplifier - PHY 187 |
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Objectives: To study the perfomance of logarithmic amplifier.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +15V and -15V.
Built in variable power supply of 0-10V is provided on board.
Two 741 IC's are provided.
Variable pots are provided for calibration of output and for zero adjustment. |
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Anti-logarithmic amplifier - PHY 188 |
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Objectives: To study the perfomance of Anti-logarithmic amplifier.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +15V and -15V.
Built in variable power supply of 0-3V is provided on board.
Two 741 IC's are provided.
Variable pots are provided for calibration of output and for zero adjustment. |
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| POWER SUPPLY TRAINERS |
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Description |
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Rectifiers and filter circuits-Phy 21 |
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Objectives: To determine the characteristics of rectifiers and filters and how the filter capacitor affects the ripple amplitude and output voltage.
Specs :
Built in AC power supply of 9-0-9V @ 250 mA.
Half, Full wave, Bridge rectifiers are provided on board with L and C filters.
10K Potentiometer is provided for load variation. |
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ZENER DIODE Regulated power supply with TWO meters – PHY-22 |
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Objectives: To observe the regulation characteristics using Zener Diodes.
Specs :
Variable DC regulated power supply of 0-15V @ 250mA
Different values of three Zener diodes on board.
Different values of three Resistors on board.
Dual range DC voltmeter of 1.5V/15V
Dual range DC ammeter of 250µA/25mA
One 10KW potentiometer is provided for load variation. |
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Voltage DOUBLER – PHY171 |
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Objectives: To observe the response of voltage doubler circuit.
Specs :
Built in 10V AC power supply.
Diodes are provided on board. |
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3 PiN Regulator ics trainer - PHY 103 |
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Objectives: To observe the operation and characteristics of the fixed positive and negative voltage regulators.
Specs :
Built in AC supplies of 18-9-0-9-18V @ 500mA.
7805, 7905, 7812, 7912, 7815, 7915 fixed voltage regulators and LM 317T adjustable voltage regulator on board.
Potentiometer, Different values of resistors, capacitors and diodes on board. |
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Linear Power Supply Trainer - PHY 178 |
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Objectives: To observe a low voltage regulated power supply (2-7V), and a high voltage power supply (7-35V) using IC 723 regulator.
Specs :
Built in AC voltages of 12-6-O-6-12V @ 500mA.
LM 723 IC with configuration on board.
Different values of resistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes with two potentiometers provided on board to vary the circuit output voltages. |
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Voltage to current converter trainer - PHY 162 |
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Objectives: To construct voltage to current converter and verify that the load current is controlled by an input voltage.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
Variable power supply of 0-10V. |
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current to voltage converter trainer - PHY 163 |
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Objectives: To construct current to voltage converter that converts the input current into a proportional output voltage.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
Variable power supply of 0-10V. |
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SERIES voltage regulator - PHY 173 |
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Objectives: To verify that this regulator maintains constant output voltage despite variations in input load.
Specs :
Built in fixed AC supply of 0-12V @ 250mA.
Variable DC unregulated.
Variable Load. |
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Shunt voltage regulator - PHY 172 |
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Objectives: To observe the operation of shunt type DC voltage regulation.
To study how the Zener diode (which acts as bias reference for the regulator) regulates the output.
To demonstrate that inspite of load variation (provided) the voltage remains constant.
Specs :
Built in AC power supply of 0-12V.
Variable DC unregulated.
Variable Load. |
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| Oscillators & Multivibrators |
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Description |
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RC Phase shift oscillator - PHY 25 |
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Objectives: To determine the range frequency of an RC phase shift oscillator.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
Different values of capacitors are provided on board to vary the output frequency.
Each element of RC network shifts the phase by 600. |
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Wein bridge oscillator - PHY 26 |
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Objectives: To determine the range frequency of wein bridge oscillator.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250 mA.
Different values of capacitors are provided on board to vary the output frequency. |
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HarTLey oscillator - PHY 27 |
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Objectives: To determine the range frequency of hartley oscillator.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
Different values of capacitors are provided on board to vary the output frequency. |
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Colpitts Oscillator - PHY 28 |
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Objectives: To determine the range frequency of Colpitts Oscillator.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
Different values of capacitors are provided to vary the output frequency. |
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Ujt Relaxation oscillator - PHY 29 |
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Objectives: To determine the peak voltage (VP) and valley voltage (VV) of a relaxation oscillator and to observe the output frequency.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
Built in variable power supply of 0-12V @ 250 mA.
Different values of resistors and capacitors to vary the output frequency. |
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Voltage controlled oscillator using 566 IC - PHY 185 |
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Objectives: To construct voltage controlled oscillator and to verify the frequency variations in accordance with input voltage.
To observe the applications of VCO 566 IC as a +ve and -ve pulse generator.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
VCO applications in ramp generation can be performed with these circuit.
Different values of resistors and capacitors are provided to vary the control voltage and output frequency. |
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Clipping and Clamping circuits-PHY 37 |
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Objectives: To observe that the reference voltage is used to control the clipping and clamping levels of output of the given input wave.
Specs :
Two variable power supplies of 0-10V @ 250mA. |
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Schmitt trigger using transistors - PHY 76 |
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Objectives: To observe that Schmitt trigger produces a rectangular wave output from a sine input. And to observe that any increase in amplitude of input sine wave has an effect on the width of the output wave form.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply +12V @ 250mA. |
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Transistor as a switch - PHY 78 |
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Objectives: To study the switching characteristics of a transistor rise time, fall time, on/off time, delay time.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply +12V @ 250mA.
LED is given to observe on/off conditions. |
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Astable multIvibrator using 555 IC – PHY 104 |
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Objectives: To observe that astable multivibrator is free running square wave generator.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply +12V @ 250mA.
Different values of resistors and capacitors given to vary the output waveform.
One external 555 configuration with IC is given on board. |
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Monostable multivibrator using 555 IC - PHY 119 |
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Objectives: To observe that monostable is a one-shot multi-vibrator and is triggered by a sharp pulse, obtained by differentiating a square wave and also to observe that it produces one output pulse for each input pulse.
Specs :
Built in fixed power suplies +12V @ 250mA.
Different values of resistors, capacitors and one 10KW Potentiometer
provided to vary the output frequencies |
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Monostable MultiVibrators using TransistorS – PHY 108 |
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Objectives: To observe that monostable is a one-shot multivibrator and is trigged by sharp pulse, obtained by differentiating a square-wave. And to observe that it produces one output pulse for each input pulse.
With Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250 mA. |
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Bistable Multivibrators using transistors - PHY 109 |
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Objectives: To observe that bistable is a flip-flop and it is stable either in 'I' or 'O' state, till it is triggered into the other state. And it can also be used as divide-by-two counter.
With Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA. |
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BootsTrap sweep generator circuit - PHY 110 |
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Objectives: To construct boot strap voltage sweep generator and to calculate delay time, sweep time and also to observe the output frequency.
With Built in fixed power supplies of +12V @ 250mA. |
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Astable MultiVibrator using transistorS - PHY 115 |
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Objectives: To observe that astable multivibrator is a free running square wave generator.
Specs :
Built in a fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
Different capacitors are provided to vary output frequency. |
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Multivibrators (Three in One) – PHY 30 |
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Objectives: The purpose of this experiment is to observe the operation and characteristics of the astable multivibrator, monostable multivibrator and bistable multivibrator using transistors.
Specs :
Fixed DC regulated power supply +12V @ 250mA.
Output states can be observed by LED's provided on board.
Two NPN transistors are used. |
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Crystal Oscillator – PHY 180 |
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Objectives: To study the working of crystal oscillator.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +5V.
Piezoelectric crystal is provided on board. |
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| OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER TRAINERS |
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Description |
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Operational amplifier trainer – PHY 170 |
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Objectives: Op-Amp characteristics i.e., Input offset voltage, slew rate, common mode rejection ratio (CMRR), Band width, Input bias current can be observed.
Op-Amp linear applications i.e., voltage follower, Inverting amplifier, Non-inverting amplifier, variable voltage gain amplifier, Adder, substractor, Differential amplifier, Integrator, Differentiator can be observed.
Op-Amp Non linear applications comparator, sine wave generator, square wave generator, Triangular wave generator can be observed.
The other applications of Op-Amp can also be observed on this board.
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Specs :
Built in fixed DC supplies of 1V, 2V, 3V, +15V,
-15V @ 250 mA.
Variable regulated power supply of 0-5V @ 250mA.
Four Op-Amps provided on board by using LM 324 IC, and a single Op-Amp using 741 IC.
Different values of capacitors and resistors, diodes to construct different
circuits provided on board.
One 10kΩ potentiometer is provided on board. |
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Function generator using OP-Amp – PHY 102 |
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Objectives: To observe the sine, square and triangle wave outputs by using an operational amplifier.
With built in fixed power supplies of +15V, -15V @ 250mA. |
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Active bandpass filter using op-amp – PHY 136 |
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Objectives: To observe the frequency response of Band Pass filter that permits a range of medium frequencies to pass through while rejecting frequencies above and below this medium. To calculate 'Q' of this band pass filter.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies +15V, -15V @ 250mA.
Different values of capacitors, resistors and one 10kΩ potentiometer is provided to observe different responses of the filters. |
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Active band - reject filter (Wide band) – PHY 182 |
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Objectives: To study the stop band of wide band filter which rejects a range of certain frequencies while allowing frequencies above and below this range to pass through with little or no attenuation.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies +15V, -15V @ 250mA.
TL 084 IC is used as Op-amp.
Different values of resistors and capacitors are provided to vary the output frequencies.
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Phase shift oscillator using op-amp – PHY 186 |
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Objectives: To determine the range frequency of an RC phase - shift oscillator. To construct RC phase shift oscillator using Op-amp and to compare the phase shift networks and feed back voltages in this oscillator.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
741 IC is used as Op-amp.
Different values of capacitors are provided to vary the output frequencies. |
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SCHmitt trigger using 555 IC and op-amp – PHY 184 |
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Objectives: To construct Schmitt trigger using Op-Amp and to observe that this produces a rectangular wave output from any type of input. And also to observe that any increase in amplitude of input has an effect on the width of the output wave form.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
IC 741 and IC 555 are used.
Different values of resistors and capacitors are used to vary the output frequencies. |
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High Pass filter using op-Amp – PHY 134 |
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Objectives: To observe the gain and frequency response and to calculate the cut-off frequency of a high pass filter using Op-Amp.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +15V, -15V @ 250mA.
Additional Op-Amp is provided for external use.
Different values of resistors, capacitors and one 10KW potentiometer provided to vary the output waveforms. |
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Low pass filter using Op-Amp – PHY 135 |
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Objectives: To observe the gain and frequency response and to calculate the cut-off frequency of low pass filter using Op-Amp.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +15V, -15V @ 250mA.
Additonal Op-Amp is provided for external use.
Different values of resistors, capacitors and one 10kΩ potentiometer provided to observe different output waveforms.
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WeIn bridge oscillator using OP-Amp – PHY 143 |
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Objectives: To construct a wein bridge oscillator and to determine the resistor ratio required to develop the correct degenerative feed back.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +15V, -15V @ 250mA.
Additional Op-Amp is provided for external use.
Different values of resistors, capacitors and one 10kΩ potentiometer provided to vary different output frequencies. |
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| ANALOG COMMUNICATION TRAINERS |
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Description |
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Amplitude Modulation and demodulation - PHY 101 |
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Objectives: To construct amplitude modulator using transistor and observe the amplitude modulated waveforms and check the percentage of modulation.
To study A.M. demodulation by using diode demodulator.
Specs :
It has got three parts namely Carrier generator, AM modulator and AM demodulator.
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
Carrier generator using 8038 IC with fixed frequency 100 KHZ and fixed amplitude. |
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Frequency modulation and demodulation - PHY 138 |
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Objectives: To observe how the modulating signal changes frequency of the carrier rather than amplitude and observe the frequency modulated waveform.
To observe the changes in carrier centre frequency and to observe the frequency deviation.
To observe how the phase lock loop can be used for FM demodulation.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
Carrier generator using 8038 IC with fixed frequency 50KHz and fixed amplitude.
And the direct method is used for modulation circuit with RC combination.
And also phase lock loop 565 IC and Op-Amp 741 IC is used in demodulator circuit. |
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Balanced Modulator trainer – PHY 71 |
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Objectives: To observe that the output is a double side band, with a suppressed carrier signal.
To verify that the input audio level directly affects the double side band output amplitude.
To observe that the output is minimum with Zero audio input.
To measure carrier only output and the peak side band output, and to calculate the carrier suppression.
Specs :
Built in a fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
1496 IC is used as balanced modulator.
Two potentiometers are provided to vary the carrier suppression. |
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Characteristics of Mixer trainer - PHY 93 |
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Objectives: To construct frequency mixer and to observe by giving two different input signals at base and emitter of the transistor and collector output is given to low pass filter to get the output frequency and observe the wave forms.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +12V @ 250mA.
2N 2369 NPN transistor is used as frequency mixer. |
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Synchronous detector Trainer - PHY 151 |
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Objectives: To construct synchronous detector circuit and to observe the detection signal of the AM modulator.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 500mA.
Built in variable carrier generator from 50KHz to 150KHz
Built in AM modulator circuit with external AF frequency and 1496 IC is used as synchronous detector.
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Single side band system Trainer - PHY 165 |
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Objectives: To construct a single side band system modulator and demodulator.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V, +5V, -5V @ 500mA.
RF generator with fixed frequency 100KHz and variable amplitude 0-1.5VP-P.
AF generator with variable frequency 0-5KHz and variable amplitude 0-10VP-P. Automatic gain control (AGC) variation to adjust wave shape.
Two balanced modulators.
LSB, USB, demodulation blocks individually on one trainer.
Phase shifter method used for modulation. |
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Receiver Measurement Trainer - PHY 167 |
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Objectives: To observe the characteristics sensitivity, selectivity, fedility and Intermediate frequency response of AM receiver.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +15V, -15V, +5V @ 500mA.
AF generator with variable frequency 200Hz to 10KHz and with variable amplitude.
RF generator with variable frequency 300KHz to 1200KHz and with variable amplitude.
Digital display for both RF & AF frequency read out.
IC 1619 is used for AM receiver measurements.
Built in AM Modulator.
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Phase lock loop trainer using LM 565 - PHY 133 |
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Objectives: To construct phase lock loop, frequency multiplier circuits and to observe lock and capture ranges.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +5V, -5V @ 250mA.
565 IC, 741 IC and 7490 IC divided by 10 counter is given on board.
Different values of resistors and capacitors with one 10KΩ potentiometer is given to vary the output frequencies.
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Phase Modulation TRAINER – PHY 87 |
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Objectives: To observe how a carrier's instant phase angle is made to vary in proportion to the modulating signals amplitude.
To observe the frequency deviation when the modulating signal crosses zero axis.
To observe how the phase change occurs when the modulating wave changes polarity. To observe how phase modulation is some times called as indirect FM.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +15V, -15V @ 250mA.
IC 2205 is used as phase modulator. |
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| DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TRAINERS |
| . |
Description |
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Pulse amplitude modulation and demodulation - PHY 60 |
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Objectives: To construct a pulse amplitude modulation generator, and to observe the characteristics of single polarity pulse amplitude modulation.
To observe the demodulated waveform.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V @ 250mA.
555 IC-timer as a RF generator with 400 KHz fixed frequency.
The modulation is controlled with a CMOS sampling switch 4016 IC.
BC 107 is used for demodulation in CE configuration. |
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PuLse width Modulation and demodulation – PHY 157 |
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Objectives: To construct a pulse width modulator.
To observe that the width of the pulses that altered although the amplitude of the modulating frequency is varied.
To observe that the pulse height is constant although the amplitude of modulating frequency is varied.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
555 IC is used as clk generator with fixed freq. of 20KHz and fixed amplitude.
LM 324 IC is used as AF generator with fixed freq. of 500Hz and variable amplitude.
555 IC is used as modulator and Op-Amp 324 IC is used a demodulator. |
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Pulse position modulation & demodulation - PHY 156 |
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Objectives: To construct a pulse position modulator.
To observe that the position of the pulse are altered although the amplitude of the modulating frequency is varied.
To observe that the pulse height is constant although the amplitude of modulating frequency is varied.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
555 IC is used as clk generator with fixed freq. of 20 KHz and fixed amplitude.
LM 324 IC is used as AF generator with fixed freq. of 500Hz and variable amplitude.
555 IC is used as modulator and Op-Amp 324 IC is used as demodulator. |
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Frequency Shift keyING Modulation & Demodulation-PHY 183 |
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Objectives: To construct and observe Frequency Shift Keying modulation & demodulation.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V, +5V, -5V.
4051 IC for modulator circuit.
8038 IC for carrier generator.
7490 IC for data generator.
324 IC for Demodulator. |
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Frequency shift keying generator - Demodulator–PHY 88 |
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Objectives: To observe a FSK transmitter and to observe the square-wave signal that simulates a data pulse train that changes the output signals frequency shift in response to the square wave input.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +5V, -5V @ 250mA.
555 IC is used as FSK modulator.
565 IC is used as demodulator.
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Pulse code Modulation and demodulation - PHY 150 |
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Objectives: To study the pulse code modulation & Demodulation.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V,
-12V, +5V, -5V @ 500mA.
Variable AF generator 20Hz to 150Hz.
Clock generator with fixed frequency of 10KHz.
Data output with LED variations.
Variable DC voltage -5V to +5V.
ADC 800 IC, 74 LS 165 IC are used in modulation.
74 LS 164 IC, 74 LS 374 IC(buffer), DAC 800 IC and an LPF are used in Demodulation. |
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D P S K modulation and demodulation trainer PHY - 99 |
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Objectives: To construct differential phase shift keying modulator and demodulator.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V, +5V @ 500mA.
8038 IC is used as carrier generator.
7490 IC is used as data generator.
4051 IC, 7474 IC, 741 IC are used in modulator.
7486 IC is used in demodulator circuit. |
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Delta Modulation and demodulation - PHY 100 |
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Objectives: To observe delta modulator and demodulator.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V, +5v @ 500mA
555 IC is used as clock generator.
TL084 IC is used as AF generator.
Comparator 311 IC, 7400 Nand gate, 74193 Updown binary counters, Digital to analog converter DAC 0800 IC are used in modulator circuit.
7400, 74193, DAC 0800 IC's and a low pass filter circuit used in Demodulator. |
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P S K modulation and demodulation - PHY 121 |
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Objectives: To construct phase shift keying modulator and demodulator.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V, +5V @ 500mA.
8038 IC is used as carrier generator and 7490 IC is used as data generator.
4051 IC, 324 IC are used in modulator circuit.
7486 IC is used in demodulator circuit.
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D P C M Trainer - PHY 152 |
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Objectives: To study the differential pulse code modulation and demodulation.
Specs :
Variable AF generator 15Hz to 30Hz.
Variable DC voltage -5V to +5V. |
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A S K Modulation & Demodulation - PHY 155 |
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Objectives: To study amplitude shift keying modulation and demodulation.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V, +5V, -5V @ 500mA.
8038 IC is used as carrier generator and 7490 IC is used as data generator.
4051 IC, 324 IC are used in modulator circuit.
7486 IC is used in demodulator circuit. |
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Time division multiplexing and demultiplexing - PHY 177 |
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Objectives: To construct time division multiplexer and de-multiplexer.
Specs :
In built carrier generator.
3 different frequency data signal's are generated by using 74163 IC.
Built in fixed power supply +5V, -5V @ 250mA
Modulation & demodulation are individually provided on board by using 4051 IC. |
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Verification of sampling theorem - PHY 422 |
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Objectives: To construct and to verify the sampling theorem.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, -12V @ 250mA.
Variable clock frequency 3-30KHz (low) and 6-60KHz (High)
4016 IC is used for sampling and LM 324 IC is used for reconstructing the signal.
Additional Op-Amp and CMOS are provided for external use. |
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Q P S K modulation and demodulation |
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Objectives: To construct a quadrature phase shift keying modulation and demodulation.
Specs :
In built fixed power supply of +5V @ 250mA.
In built carrier generator and data generator. To change data signals a switch is provided on board.
Modulator, phase detector, bit pair detector, demodulator are provided on board. |
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| FIBER OPTIC TRAINERS |
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Description |
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Fiber optic digital LINK - PHY 146/147
Objectives:To observe the transmission of digital signals through fibre optic digital transmitter and receiver.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +6V @ 250mA.
PIC Micro Controller 16F84 is used as Encoder and Decoder.
Built in circuits for transmitter and receiver in different trainer kits.
Two meter optical fiber cable provided.
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Fiber Optic analog LINK - PHY 148 /149
Objectives:To observe the transmission of the signals, losses through the fiber optic cables and characterisation of fibre optic LED's.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +6V @ 250mA.
Inbuilt variable AF signal 2KHz to 20KHz (Sine & Triangle)
Two fiber optic LED's with different wave lengths 660nm, 850nm.
1m and 5m plastic optical fiber cables with In line SMA adaptor.
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Laserdiode Transmitter & Receiver kit - PHY 158/159
Objectives:To study the design and linear intensity modulation of laser diode signal and losses due to fibre and glass cables, characterisation of Laser diode.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +6V @ 250mA.
In built variable AF signal 2KHz to 20KHz (Sine & Traingle)
A wave length of 650nm provided on board.
2meter Plastic fiber optical cable and 2 meter glass cable are provided with the Kit. |
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Measurement of Numerical aperture kit - PHY 166
Objectives:To study and determine numerical aperture of the PMMA fiber cables and losses due to the 1 meter and 5 meter cables.
Specs :
Built in fixed power of +6V@250mA.
650nm wave length fiber optic LED is provided on the trainer kit.
1meter and 5 meter optical fiber cables are provided with the kit.
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| DIGITAL ELECTRONIC TRAINERS |
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Description |
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Basic logic gates Using Discrete components - PHY 127
Objectives:To construct OR, AND, NOT gates using diodes and transistors and resistors and verify the truth table of each gate.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +5V, -5V @ 250mA.
Low and high points using SPDT switches are provided as inputs.
LED's are provided as outputs.
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Logic gates Using IC's - PHY 41
Objectives:To verify demorgans theorems by using combinational gates.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply +5V @ 250mA.
AND, OR, NOR, NAND, EX-OR, NOT gates each four, 2 four-input AND gates provided in one board.
Low and high points using SPDT switches are provided as inputs.
LED's are provided as outputs.
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Flip - Flop Trainer - PHY 42
Objectives:To construct J-K Flipflop, R-S Flipflop using NAND gates, Delay (D type) flip flop, T flip flop and to verify their respective truth tables.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply +5V @ 250mA.
JK flip flops, RS flip flops each four individually
Clock output with 1Hz and 10Hz frequency with switch selectable.
Pulser output, decoder using 7447 provided.
Low and high points using SPDT switches are provided as inputs
LED's are provided as outputs.
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Shift Registers Trainer - PHY 416
Objectives:To construct shift registers and to verify its truth tables.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +5V @ 250mA.
Four shift registers provided.
Variable clock, pulser and one decoder provided.
Low and high points using SPDT switches are provided as inputs.
LED's are provided as outputs.
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Study of sampling gates - PHY 79
Objectives:To construct different types of sampling gates and to verify the gating outputs.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +5V, -5V @ 250mA.
Unidirectional gate with single and double inputs, Bi-directional gate and four diode gate circuits are provided in one board.
Built in clock generator.
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Decade counter and BINARY COUNTER - PHY 95
Objectives:To construct decade and binary counters and to verify the outputs.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +5V @ 250mA.
7490 IC is used as decade counter.
7493 IC is used as binary counter.
Clock, pulser and decoder provided.
Low and High points using SPDT switches are provided as inputs.
LED's are provided as outputs.
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Multiplexer and Demultiplexer - PHY 96
Objectives:To observe the operation of digital multiplexer and demultiplexers.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +5V @ 250mA.
Clock, pulser and Two OR gates provided.
Low and high points using SPDT switches as inputs.
LED's are provided as outputs.
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7447 BCD to 7 Segment Decoder/Driver - PHY 97
Objectives:To study the operation of common anode display. The BCD inputs given by logic switches are decoded by the decoder IC and display will show the corresponding decimal equivalents.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +5V @ 250mA.
clock, pulser and decoder provided.
Low and high points using SPDT switches as inputs.
LED's are provided as outputs.
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D/A Converter using R-2R ladder N/W - PHY 106
Objectives:To observe the operation and application of a Digital to analog converter using R-2R ladder network.
Parallel binary inputs from switches will be applied to the DAC which in turn, converts the binary numbers into a proportional output voltage.
Clock is given to divided by counter and the output of counter is given to DAC to observe the ladder type wave on CRO.
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Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +15V, -15V @ 250mA.
Built in clock generator and divided by counter.
Different values of resistors to construct different networks and also with 10kW potentiometer.
Summing amplifier using 741 IC. |
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D/A converter using weighted resistors n/w - PHY 107
Objectives:To observe the operation of a digital to analog convertor using weighted resistors network.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +15V, -15V @ 250mA.
Built in clock generator and divided by counter.
Different values of resistors to construct different networks and also with 10kW potentiometer.
Summing amplifier using 741 IC.
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Adder and SubstractOr trainer - PHY 1
Objectives:To construct half adder, half substractor, full adder, full substractor and to verify their respective truth tables.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +5V @ 250mA.
Using AND, OR, NOT and EX-OR gates.
Low and high points using SPDT switches as inputs and LED's are provided as outputs.
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A/D converter Trainer with digital meter using dual slope method - PHY 118
Objectives:To observe the operation and application of a Analog to digital convertor using dual slope method.
Specs :
Two variable power supplies of 0-200mV.
Digital Display provided on board. |
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| NETWORKS AND THEOREMS TRAINERS |
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Description |
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M-Derived high & low pass filters - PHY 31
Objectives:To construct T and p section low and high pass filters and to observe the frequency response. To observe the cut-off frequency and to plot the graph between frequency and attentuation.
With Different values of capacitors and inductors to observe different outputs.
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Constant K - high and low pass filters - PHY 32
Objectives:To construct T and p section filters and to test the cutoff frequency
of the filters.
With Different values of capacitors and inductors provided on board to observe different outputs.
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kirchoff’s Laws trainer - PHY 44
Objectives:To construct and to verify the Kirchoff's voltage and current laws using resistor network with voltage and current sources.
Specs :
Built in variable voltage supply of 0-12V.
Built in fixed power supply of +5V.
Different values of resistors provided to observe different outputs.
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lcr Series and parallel Resonance trainer - PHY 46.
Objectives:
Series Resonance : To verify that at resonance the current is maximum and is determined by the resistance in the circuit.
Parallel resonance : To verify that at resonance the current is minimum and is determined by the resistance in the circuit.
To verify that the computed value of resonant frequency is same as the experimental value for both series and parallel circuits.
Specs :
One micro ammeter fixed in board (250mA)
Different values of resistors, capacitors and inductors are given to observe different outputs.
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RC circuits TRAINER WITH TWO digital meterS - PHY 47
Objectives:The purpose of this experiment is to determine experimentally how a capacitor charges and discharges through a resistor.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +15V @ 250mA.
Built in variable power supply of 0-10V @ 250mA.
0-20V, 0-2000mA, meters provided on board.
Speaker, Timer, Reset with charging and discharging selecting switch is provided on board.
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Thevenin’s and norton’s Theorems Trainer - PHY 48
Objectives:
To verify Thevenin's and Norton's theorems.
Specs :
Built in variable power supply of 0-12V @ 250mA.
Thevenin's and Norton's Theorems and equivalent circuits are provided on one board.
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Super position and Max power transfer theorem - PHY 49
Objectives:To verify super position theorem and to demonstrate that maximum power is obtained from a power source when the resistance of the load is equal to the internal resistance of the power source, by drawing the maximum power transfer curve.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +5V @ 250mA.
Built in variable power supply of 0-12V @ 250mA.
Super position and maximum power transfer circuits are in one board.
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RC low pass and high pass filters trainer - PHY 74
Objectives:To construct low and high pass filters and to observe the frequency response of the filters and to calculate the cut-off frequencies.
With Different values of capacitors are provided on board to observe different outputs.
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Two port network trainer - PHY 62
Objectives:To verify the parameters of a two port network.
With Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, +5V @ 250mA.
Miller’s theorem trainer - PHY 63
Objectives:To verify millers theorem.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supplies of +12V, +5V @ 250mA.
Different values of resistors are provided to observe different outputs.
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Measurement of attenuation trainer - PHY 64
Objectives:To construct T and p type attenuator and attenuation should be observed.
Specs :
Built in variable power supply of 0-10V @ 250mA.
Different values of resistors are provided to observe different outputs.
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Twin-T network trainer - PHY 65
Objectives:To observe the characteristics of twin-T network.
With Different values of resistors and capacitors are provided to observe different outputs.
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Measurement of Image Impedance trainer - PHY 66
Objectives:To measure the image impedance of the resistive network.
Specs :
Built in variable power supply of 0-12V @ 250mA.
Different values of resistors are provided to observe different outputs.
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RC & RL Circuits trainer - PHY-117
Objectives:To observe the RC and RL low and high pass filters frequency responses and to calculate the cutoff frequencies. And also to observe the response of series RLC circuit in the cases of over damped, critically damped and under damped.
Specs :
10kW potentiometer provided on board.
RC and RL, low and high pass filters and series RLC circuit are provided in one
board.
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RecipRocity theorem - PHY 120
Objectives:To verify the reciprocity theorem.
Specs :
Built in variable power supply of 0-12V @ 250mA.
General and equivalent circuits are provided in one board.
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Phase difference between voltage across and current through capacitor Inductor - PHY 164
Objectives:To observe the phase difference between voltage across and current through capacitor and inductor.
With Inductor along with capacitor is provided on board.
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Current locus diagrams
Objectives:To obtain current locus of series RL and RC circuits when the elements R and C varying.
With Different values of resistors, capacitors and inductors are provided to vary the outputs. |
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| AC - Bridges |
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Description |
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Wheatstone bridge - PHY 111
Objectives:To measure the unknown value of resistance using bridge network, Rx = R1R3/R2
Specs :
Built in AF oscillator with 1KHz frequency.
Built in Speaker and detector outputs.
Different values of resistors to observe different outputs.
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Desauty’s Bridge - PHY 142
Objectives:To determine the unknown value of capacitance, Cx=R2C1/R3
Specs :
Built in AF oscillator with 1KHz frequency.
Built in speaker and detector outputs.
Different values of capacitors to observe different outputs.
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Maxwell Bridge - PHY 112
Objectives:To measure the unknown value of inductor for low 'Q' coils LX=R2R3C1
Specs :
Built in AF Oscillator with 1KHz frequency.
Built in speaker and detector outputs.
Different values of inductors to observe different outputs.
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Schering Bridge - PHY 113
Objectives:To measure the unknown value of capacitance CX=R1C3/R2
Specs :
Built in AF Oscillator with 1KHz frequency.
Built in speaker and detector outputs.
Different values of capacitors to observe different outputs.
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Kelvin’s DOUBLE Bridge - PHY 114
Objectives:To measure the unknown value of resistances of low values RX=(P/Q)S.
Specs :
Built in fixed power supply of +5V @ 250mA.
Different values of resistors to observe different outputs.
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Wein bridge - PHY 128
Objectives:To observe that the wein bridge can be used as a good frequency selective network.
With Built in speaker and detector outputs.
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OWEN'S bridge - PHY
Objectives:To determine the unknown value of inductance
Specs :
Built in AF oscillator with 1KHz frequency.
Built in speaker and detector outputs.
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Anderson’s bridge - PHY 129
Objectives:To determine the unknown value of inductance LX = CR3/R4 [R(R3+R4) + (R2.R4)]
Specs :
Built in AF oscillator with 1KHz frequency.
Built in speaker and detector outputs.
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